A dramatic, ornate artistic style that originated in [[Rome]] around 1600 and spread across [[Europe]] through the 18th century, characterized by grandeur, movement, rich color, and emotional intensity. Key figures include [[Caravaggio]], [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], [[Peter Paul Rubens]]—whose dynamic [[Venus and Adonis - Peter Paul Rubens (1635)|Venus and Adonis]] exemplifies the movement's theatrical energy—and [[Rembrandt]]. It succeeded [[Mannerism]] and was closely tied to the [[Counter-Reformation]], using theatrical visual spectacle to inspire awe and devotion.