A movement that emerged in [[France]] in the mid-1880s, applying scientific color theory to painting through techniques like [[Pointillism]]—tiny dots of pure color placed side by side to optically blend. It was pioneered by [[Georges Seurat]]—whose [[Circus Sideshow (Parade de cirque) - Georges Seurat (1887)|Circus Sideshow]] demonstrates the Pointillist technique at its most refined—and [[Paul Signac]], whose [[Opus 217 - Paul Signac (1890)|Opus 217]] further developed the movement's chromatic theory. It directly succeeded [[Impressionism]], seeking to systematize its intuitive approach to light and color with greater rigor and structure.